In recent years, research about domino qq gaming addiction has increased both in quantity as well as in quality. Research on bola tangkas gaming addiction dates back to 1983, when the first report emerged suggesting that tangkasnet gaming addiction is a problem for students.17 Shortly thereafter, the first empirical study on poker online gaming addiction was published by Shotton,18 based on self-reports of young male players who claimed they were “hooked” on their games. The early studies suffered from a lack of standardized psychometric instruments used for assessing gaming addiction.19 However, research20 indicates that self-reports correlate with standardized measures. Following on from that, further studies were carried out in the 1990s, initially assessing capsa susun gaming addiction based on the criteria for pathologic gambling as stipulated in the third and fourth editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM).21 Although similar, pathological gambling and excessive gaming do not present with the same clinical picture, and some have argued that using the diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling in order to diagnose tangkasnet gaming only taps into obsessive use and preoccupation rather than actual psychopathology.22 In the 2000s, online games became popular, while studies of domino qiu qiu gaming addiction emerged.23,24

The studies on Internet gaming addiction in the new millennium reported prevalence estimates which vary significantly and range from 0.2% in Germany25,26 to 50% of Korean teenagers.27 This discrepancy in estimates is due to various conceptualizations, diverse measurement instruments, as well as the different cutoff points used. Further, dissimilar constructs (“Internet gaming addiction”, “dependence”, “problematic”, and “excessive play”) are measured in various samples (children, adolescents, gamers) and cultures. In most studies, self-reports have been used, which puts the reliability and validity of the potential diagnosis in question.28 However, research20 indicates that self-diagnosis correlates with standardized measures of addiction, suggesting that the individual’s perception of problems can be relatively accurate.